Exploring the New Features of Java 17
Java 17 marks a significant milestone in the evolution of the Java programming language. Released as a long-term support version, it introduces several enhancements and features that cater to developers’ needs. This blog will delve into the new features of Java 17, categorising them for easier understanding and accessibility. From enhancements that simplify coding to updates that ensure better performance and security, Java 17 offers a range of improvements worth exploring.
Understanding Java’s Release Cycle
Since the release of Java 10, the Java ecosystem has adopted a six-month release cycle. This approach allows developers to access new features and improvements more frequently. However, it is essential to note that while Java 17 is a long-term support version, it does not include major groundbreaking updates. Instead, it focuses on refining existing functionalities and introducing useful enhancements.
Nice Developer Features
The first category of new features in Java 17 includes enhancements that are particularly beneficial for developers. These features aim to simplify code and improve the overall development experience.
Pattern Matching for Switch Statements (JEP 406)
One of the standout features is the introduction of pattern matching for switch statements. This enhancement allows developers to use patterns in case tables, making the code more intuitive and easier to maintain. In previous versions, checking multiple patterns required a lengthy series of if-else statements. Now, with pattern matching, developers can streamline their code significantly.
Example:
public class PatternMatchingSwitch {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Object obj = "Hello, Java 17";
switch (obj) {
case String s -> System.out.println("String: " + s);
case Integer i -> System.out.println("Integer: " + i);
default -> System.out.println("Unknown type");
}
}
}Sealed Classes and Interfaces (JEP 409)
Another important addition is the concept of sealed classes and interfaces. This feature allows developers to restrict which classes can extend or implement a given sealed class. By using the sealed modifier, developers can specify permitted subclasses, enhancing control over the class hierarchy.
Example:
public abstract sealed class Shape
permits Circle, Square {
public abstract double area();
}
public final class Circle extends Shape {
private final double radius;
public Circle(double radius) {
this.radius = radius;
}
@Override
public double area() {
return Math.PI * radius * radius;
}
}
public final class Square extends Shape {
private final double side;
public Square(double side) {
this.side = side;
}
@Override
public double area() {
return side * side;
}
}Specific Use Cases for Developers
Beyond general developer features, Java 17 also introduces enhancements tailored for specific use cases. These updates focus on improving performance, consistency, and security in various programming scenarios.
Consistent Floating Point Operations (JEP 306)
JEP 306 addresses inconsistencies in floating-point operations across different CPU architectures. By standardizing these operations, Java 17 ensures that floating-point calculations behave consistently, improving the reliability of numerical computations.
Pseudorandom Number Generators (JEP 356)
JEP 356 introduces new interfaces and implementations for pseudorandom number generators. This enhancement improves support for streams and provides more robust options for generating random numbers, which is crucial for various applications ranging from gaming to cryptography.
Example:
import java.util.random.RandomGenerator;
import java.util.random.RandomGeneratorFactory;
public class RandomGeneratorExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
RandomGenerator randomGenerator = RandomGeneratorFactory.of("L32X64MixRandom").create();
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(randomGenerator.nextInt());
}
}
}Encapsulation of Internal APIs (JEP 403)
This feature continues a trend initiated in Java 9, focusing on encapsulating internal non-critical APIs. By restricting access to certain internal APIs, developers are encouraged to use safer and more stable alternatives, enhancing overall application security and stability.
Interoperability with External Code (JEP 412)
JEP 412 introduces a new API that facilitates interoperability between Java programs and external code and data. While JNI (Java Native Interface) previously allowed such interactions, this new API promises to be easier, safer, and more performant.
Context-Specific Deserialization Filters (JEP 415)
Deserialization can pose significant security risks, particularly when dealing with untrusted data. JEP 415 addresses this concern by allowing context-specific deserialization filters, providing an additional layer of security during the deserialization process.
Apple-Specific Enhancements
Java 17 also includes features specifically designed for Apple platforms. These updates enhance performance and compatibility with Apple’s latest technologies.
Java 2D Rendering Pipeline (JEP 382)
JEP 382 replaces the deprecated OpenGL API with the Apple Metal API for Java 2D rendering. This change improves performance in graphical applications, particularly those built using Swing, by leveraging Metal’s advanced capabilities.
Support for Apple Silicon (JEP 391)
As Apple transitions to its new ARM 64 architecture, Java 17 ensures compatibility with Apple Silicon. This support allows Java applications to run natively on the latest Apple hardware, enhancing performance and user experience.
Cleanup and Deprecation
Java 17 also focuses on cleaning up outdated features and APIs that are no longer relevant. This process is essential for maintaining a modern and efficient programming environment.
Removal of the Applet API (JEP 398)
The Applet API, which has been deprecated for years, has been removed in Java 17. Given that most modern browsers no longer support applets, this decision reflects the need to streamline the Java platform.
RMI Activation Mechanism (JEP 407)
While RMI (Remote Method Invocation) remains a part of Java, the activation mechanism has been deemed obsolete and removed. This decision simplifies the RMI architecture, focusing on the core functionalities that developers still utilize.
Removal of Experimental AOT and JIT Compiler (JEP 410)
JEP 410 removes the experimental AOT (Ahead-Of-Time) and JIT (Just-In-Time) compiler from the JDK. Given that most developers have transitioned to using GraalVM, this cleanup ensures that the JDK remains focused on widely used technologies.
Deprecation of the Security Manager (JEP 411)
Finally, JEP 411 deprecates the security manager, a feature that has not been relevant for a long time. This step reflects the ongoing evolution of Java, as the platform continues to adapt to modern security practices.
Conclusion
Java 17 introduces a range of features and enhancements that cater to the evolving needs of developers. From simplifying coding practices to improving performance and security, these updates ensure that Java remains a competitive and robust programming language. By understanding these enhancements, developers can leverage Java 17 to create more efficient and secure applications.
As the Java ecosystem continues to grow, staying informed about new features and best practices is essential. Java 17 serves as a testament to the language’s commitment to innovation while maintaining its core principles of simplicity and reliability.
This blog post provides a comprehensive overview of the new features in Java 17. Each section includes code examples to illustrate the practical applications of these enhancements, making it easier for developers to understand and implement them in their projects.
